Cullet:Mabotolo agalasi ndi mitsuko amapangidwa ndi zinthu zitatu zachilengedwe: mchenga wa silika, ndalama za soda ndi miyala yamchere.Zidazo zimasakanizidwa ndi galasi lopangidwanso, lotchedwa "cullet".Cullet ndiye chofunikira kwambiri m'mabotolo agalasi ndi zotengera.Padziko lonse lapansi, magalasi athu amakhala ndi magalasi pafupifupi 38%.Zida zopangira (mchenga wa quartz, phulusa la soda, laimu, feldspar, etc.) zimaphwanyidwa, zowonongeka zowonongeka, ndi zowonongeka zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo zimachotsedwa ndi chitsulo kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wa galasi.
Ng'anjo:Kusakaniza kwa batch kumapita ku ng'anjo, ng'anjoyo imatenthedwa ndi gasi ndi magetsi mpaka pafupifupi madigiri 1550 Celsius kuti apange galasi losungunuka.Ng'anjoyo imatha maola 24 patsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata, ndipo imatha kukonza matani mazana angapo agalasi tsiku lililonse.
Woyenga:Magalasi osungunuka akatuluka mu ng'anjo, amathamangira mu choyenga, chomwe kwenikweni chimakhala beseni lophimbidwa ndi korona wamkulu kuti mukhale ndi kutentha.Apa galasi losungunuka limazizira pafupifupi madigiri 1250 celsius ndipo mpweya wotsekedwa mkati umatuluka.
Kutsogolo:Galasi losungunukalo limapita kutsogolo, zomwe zimabweretsa kutentha kwa galasi ku mlingo wofanana asanalowe mu feeder.Pamapeto pake, shears amadula galasi losungunuka kukhala "gobs", ndipo gob iliyonse imakhala botolo lagalasi kapena mtsuko.
Makina Opanga:Chomaliza chimayamba kupanga mawonekedwe mkati mwa makina opangira pomwe gob iliyonse imaponyedwa mumitundu ingapo.Mpweya woponderezedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuumba ndi kukulitsa gob mu chidebe cha galasi.Galasiyo imapitirizabe kuzirala panthawi yomwe amapanga, kutsika kufika pafupifupi madigiri 700 Celsius.
Annealing:Pambuyo pa makina opangira, botolo lililonse lagalasi kapena mtsuko umadutsa podutsa.Kumangirira ndikofunikira chifukwa kunja kwa chidebe kumazizira mwachangu kuposa mkati mwake.Njira yopangira annealing imatenthetsanso chidebecho ndipo kenako imazizidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti mutulutse kupsinjika ndikulimbitsa galasi.Zotengera zamagalasi zimatenthedwa kufika pafupifupi madigiri 565 Celsius ndipo kenako zimazizidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 150 digiri Celsius.Kenako mabotolo agalasi otsatsa mitsuko amapita ku code end coater kuti aphike komaliza kunja.
Kuyang'ana Mabotolo agalasi ndi Mitsuko:Botolo lililonse lagalasi ndi mtsuko amawunikiridwa motsatizana kuti awonetsetse kuti akukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri.Makamera angapo owoneka bwino mkati mwa makina amasanthula mabotolo agalasi ofikira 800 mphindi iliyonse.Makamera amakhala pamakona osiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kugwira zolakwika zazing'ono.Gawo lina lamayendedwe owunikira limaphatikizapo makina omwe amakakamiza zotengera zamagalasi kuti ayese makulidwe a khoma, mphamvu komanso ngati chidebecho chimasindikiza molondola.Akatswiri nawonso pamanja ndi zowoneka kuyendera zitsanzo mwachisawawa kuonetsetsa khalidwe.
Ngati botolo lagalasi kapena mtsuko wagalasi sunayende bwino, limabwereranso mukupanga magalasi ngati cullet.Zotengera zomwe zimapita kukayendera zimakonzedwa kuti ziyendekwa opanga zakudya ndi zakumwa,omwe amawadzaza ndikugawa kumasitolo ogulitsa, malo odyera, mahotela ndi malo ena ogulitsa kuti ogula ndi makasitomala asangalale.
Galasi imatha kubwezeredwanso kosatha, ndipo chotengera chagalasi chobwezerezedwanso chimatha kuchoka mu nkhokwe ndikusunga shelefu m'masiku 30 okha.Chifukwa chake ogula ndi malo odyera akakonzanso mabotolo awo amagalasi ndi mitsuko, njira yopangira magalasi imayambanso.
Botolo lagalasi ndiye chidebe chachikulu choyikamo chakudya, mankhwala ndi makampani opanga mankhwala.Zili ndi ubwino wambiri, ndizopanda poizoni, zopanda pake, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndi zabwino, zosavuta kusindikiza, mpweya wabwino wa mpweya, ndizinthu zowonekera ndipo zimatha kuwonedwa kuchokera kunja kwa phukusi kupita ku momwe zovalazo zilili. .Kupaka kwamtunduwu ndikothandiza kusungirako katundu, kumakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yosungira, Pamwamba pake ndi yosalala, yosavuta kupha tizilombo komanso kusungunula ndipo ndiye chidebe choyenera choyikamo.
Galasi yomwe ilibe mtundu uliwonse imatchedwa galasi lopanda mtundu.Colorless ndi mawu omwe amakonda kwambiri m'malo mwa mawu omveka bwino.Choyera chimatanthawuza mtengo wosiyana: kuwonekera kwa galasi osati mtundu wake.Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawu oti clear kungakhale m'mawu oti "botolo lobiriwira bwino".
Magalasi amtundu wa aquamarine ndi zotsatira zachilengedwe za chitsulo chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe mumchenga wambiri, kapena powonjezera chitsulo pakusakaniza.Mwa kuchepetsa kapena kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mu lawi lamoto wosungunula mchengawo, opanga amatha kupanga mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira.
Magalasi oyera osawoneka bwino nthawi zambiri amatchedwa galasi la mkaka ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwa Opal kapena galasi loyera.Itha kupangidwa ndi kuwonjezera tin, zinc oxide, fluorides, phosphates kapena calcium.
Galasi yobiriwira imatha kupangidwa powonjezera chitsulo, chromium, ndi mkuwa.Chromium oxide imatulutsa chikasu chobiriwira mpaka chobiriwira cha emarodi.Kuphatikiza kwa cobalt, (buluu) wosakanikirana ndi chromium (wobiriwira) kutulutsa galasi lobiriwira la buluu.
Galasi ya Amber imapangidwa kuchokera ku zonyansa zachilengedwe zomwe zili mumchenga, monga chitsulo ndi manganese.Zowonjezera zomwe zimapanga Amber ndi nickel, sulfure, ndi carbon.
Galasi la buluu limapangidwa ndi zinthu monga cobalt oxide ndi mkuwa.
Wofiirira, amethyst ndi wofiira ndi mitundu yagalasi yomwe nthawi zambiri imachokera ku nickel kapena manganese oxides.
Magalasi akuda nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chochuluka, koma amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zina monga carbon, mkuwa wokhala ndi chitsulo ndi magnesia.
Kaya batchiyo ikuyenera kukhala magalasi omveka bwino kapena amitundu, zosakaniza zomwe zimaphatikizidwa zimadziwika kuti batch mix ndipo zimatumizidwa ku ng'anjo ndikutenthedwa mpaka kutentha pafupifupi 1565 ° C kapena 2850 ° F.Akasungunuka ndi kuphatikizidwa, galasi losungunuka limadutsa mu makina oyeretsera, momwe mpweya wotsekedwa umaloledwa kuthawa kenaka umaziziritsidwa ku yunifolomu koma kutentha kwachangu.Kenako chophatikizira chimakankhira galasi lamadzimadzi mosalekeza podutsa m'miyendo yofanana ndendende mukufa kosatentha.Ma shear amadula magalasi osungunuka omwe akutuluka panthawi yake kuti apange masilinda aatali otchedwa gobs.Ma gobs awa ndi zidutswa zapayekha, zokonzeka kupangidwa.Amalowa m'makina opangira momwe, pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kuti awakulitse kuti adzaze mawonekedwe omaliza omwe akufunidwa, amapangidwa kukhala zotengera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-07-2021